The Goya y Lucientes Aragon were families for several generations. The paternal ancestor of the painter, his grandfather Domingo de Goya y Villamayor, originating Cerain Basque, Aragon became a teacher of works, sources Jiloca (Zaragoza), shortly before 1625. After a few years he moved to Zaragoza. Goya's great-grandfather was also a master builder. His grandfather, Peter, was royal notary and owner of three houses on the streets of the Moorish Closed (Zaragoza). The painter's father, Joseph, was a master gilder and enjoyed some notoriety in the artistic life of the city in mid-eighteenth century.

The maternal family, the Lucientes, was of laborers infanzones (petty nobility) settled in Fuendetodos (Zaragoza), where they owned farmland cultivated themselves. The descending branch of Goya came from the village of Uncastillo (Zaragoza), where they already lived in the Middle Ages. Lucientes Miguel Navarro, father of Grace, mother of the painter, for a time occupied the post of mayor of the village and spent some periods in Zaragoza.

José Braulio marriage Goya and Gracia Lucientes Franque and Salvador, in Zaragoza in 1736, were born six children: Rita (1737), the eldest, who take care of his parents, Thomas (1739), gilder and his father, Jacinta ( 1743), died at age seven, Francis (1746), the painter, Mariano (1750), deceased child, and Cameron (1752) who, after his ecclesiastical studies at the University of Zaragoza, was chaplain in Chinchón, not far from Madrid.

The house Fuendetodos (named for the "Fuente Vieja" which is what he named the town) was built in the early eighteenth century and belonged to Miguel Lucientes, brother of Grace. Shortly after his arrival in Fuendetodos born March 30, 1746 Paula Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes.

Goya´s house in Fuendetodos (Zaragoza)

 

He spent his early childhood, while his father was gilding the altarpiece of the parish church.

Some time later the family would go back to Zaragoza where his other siblings were born.

Francis studied at the Pious Schools of Zaragoza, where he met his lifelong friend, Martin Zapater. With only five years of art training began at the drawing school of Jose Ramirez de Arellano and Juan Andres Merclein, where he met Joseph Luzán. In Zaragoza, at the age of 12 years became a student at the academy of drawing in this painter. There he met Francis brothers, Ramon and Manuel Bayeu, painters, who were important in his life: the first was his next teacher.

Luzán taught the principles of drawing copy making the best pictures I had. She was with him 4 years.

At 16 years he continued his studies with Francisco Bayeu. At that age he painted the first major work which has news, Tobias and the Angel

In 1762 he was given the decoration of the cabinet of relics of the Church of Fuendetodos, wardrobe was stolen, destroyed during the civil war.

In December 1763 he traveled to Madrid to participate in the annual competition of the Academy of San Fernando, whose prizes consisted of scholarships to study in Italy.

Failed, and in January 1764, he returned to Zaragoza.

In later years he lived on the borderline between this city and Madrid, where he was staying in the studio of Francisco Bayeu, who had excellent relations with Anton Raphael Mengs, the most prestigious painter at the court of Charles III.

Promptly presented to competitions for fellowships from the Academy of San Fernando, but never achieved its purpose.

Given their repeated failures to obtain a scholarship to go to Italy, in 1770, Goya began his journey with its own resources. In his time there are known to participate in a contest sponsored by the Academy of Parma in April 1771. The subject was required Hannibal passing the Alps. The trial was won by Italian Borroni, but Goya was an honorable mention.

On returning to Saragossa in July 1771, Goya opened his own shop in the Calle del Arco de la Nao. In October, the council of Our Lady of Pilar asked for a sketch and a test to cool before entrusting the decoration of the Virgin Bandstand. On 11 November, the council entrusted the work to a cost of 15,000 reales.

The consecration as one of the greatest Spanish painters of the day occurred between 1772 and 1774, when he made a series of murals titled Life of the Virgin in the monastery of Aula Dei, near Zaragoza.

While conducting this work, July 25, 1773 Goya in Madrid he married Maria Josefa Bayeu, sister of his teacher Francis. When consolidated with the marriage relationship between them, Bayeu opened the doors of the court to his student and friend. On August 29, 1774 was born in Zaragoza a couple's son, whom they named Juan Ramon Antonio Carlos Goya Bayeu.

Josefa Bayeu, Goya´s wife

 

 

In January 1775, Goya and his family moved to the house of Francisco Bayeu, Clock on the street in Madrid. Since then, the artist took up residence in the capital of the kingdom until 1824, the year in which emigrated to France.

Thanks to his brother, Goya began work at the Royal Tapestry Factory of Santa Barbara. Under the supervision of Bayeu was entrusted with the implementation of tapestries used to decorate the rooms of the Princes of Asturias (the future Charles IV and his wife Maria Luisa of Parma) in the Real Sitio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial. The cards are the models on which the artisans weaving the tapestries.

Goya continued working for the tapestry factory until 1792, making a total of 63 boards for different rooms of El Escorial and El Pardo.

Goya in the private plane suffered several family tragedies. On December 15, 1775 is recorded the baptism of his son Ramon Eusebio, but the child died shortly after. So did Vincent Anastasio, christened 21 January 1777, with Maria del Pilar Denise, christened on 9 October 1779, and Francisco de Paula Antonio Benito, baptized August 22, 1780.

Despite these problems, the family brought greater economic autonomy and was established in 1776-1777 on the second floor of number 66 of the Carrera de San Jeronimo.

In 1778 the artist suffered the first symptoms of a mysterious illness that, years later, would produce an incurable deafness.

The cards were not the only activity of the painter. In July 1776, the council approved Pilar Bayeu Ramon and Francisco de Goya, under the direction of Francisco Bayeu, painted the vaults of the Pilar.

That same year he was appointed official painter Goya in the Royal Tapestry Factory, with a salary of 8,000 reais.

While still receiving orders from cardboard, made new pictures drawn and etched on paintings by Velázquez. But most important of this period was the beginning of his activity as a portraitist.

In 1781, Goya was invited to participate in a competition to decorate the altar of the Church of San Francisco el Grande in Madrid. The joy of success in this competition was marred by the deaths of his father and his daughter Paula Francisca Hermenegilda in April 1782. The long series of mishaps related to the children of marriage broke up in 1784 with the birth of Francisco Javier Pedro, the only surviving descendants of their parents.

Francisco Javier Pedro,Goya´s son

In the early years of the 1780s. Goya was already consecrated as one of the most important painters of Spain.

The good economic situation allowed him to move to a larger house at No. 1 Dodsworth Street.

In 1786, along with his brother Ramon Bayeu, was appointed court painter at a salary of 15,000 reales. The relationship with the crown intensified after the death of Charles III, in December 1788, and the ascent of King Carlos IV.

The new king had commissioned several portraits of himself and Queen. The monarchs were very satisfied with the work, and on April 25 Goya was appointed painter.

In 1790, the artist maintained a hierarchical conflict with the authorities of the Royal Tapestry Factory, when he refused to make cartoons, and traveled to Valencia and Zaragoza. We know that in this year suffered a serious illness, and his son Francisco Javier Pedro was infected with smallpox.

The following year he returned to Madrid, settling their differences with the Royal Tapestry Factory.

Without permission in real, in October 1792 he traveled to Andalusia. In December he contracted a serious illness that put him in Seville on the verge of death. Then traveled to Cadiz. Thanks to his brother Francisco Bayeu obtained the necessary permission to spend two months in Andalusia in order to regain health. Improved, but the illness left him deaf for the rest of his life. At that time could not be identified evil. Subsequently, some researchers have speculated that it could have been syphilis, but now it is believed he suffered lead poisoning, poisoning caused by lead salts of the paintings.

In July he was back in Madrid. In October 1795 he succeeded the late Francis Bayeu as director of painting at the Academy of San Fernando. That same year he met the Duke of Alba.

When Cayetana de Alba widowed, retired to Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz). Goya, who was in love with the Duchess, visited in 1796.

The following year, Goya, who remained in Andalusia, resigned for health reasons from his post at the Academy of San Fernando, which, however, named him honorary director.

Deafness intensified and enriched the artist's inner life, unleashing their imagination to limits that researchers have distinguished as the stage of "Goya visionary."

He decided to broaden whim and invention with a series of 80 etchings called Los Caprichos. The publication of the engravings, in 1799, prompted a complaint against the artist in the court of the Inquisition.

In October of that year he was appointed first court painter, with an annual remuneration of 50,000 reals.

Goya was a long period, until 1808 (the year he painted The Family of Charles IV), without receiving orders from the palace. Some researchers believe the artist was voluntarily pulled back and stopped going to court because of his liberal ideas. However, it maintained contacts with Godoy, the powerful king's favorite and lover of Queen Maria Luisa, who made several portraits. In between 1798 and 1803 are the Naked Maja and Clothed Maja, works around which there are two theories were performed to Godoy (portraying the mistress of the minister, Pepita Tudo), or he bought them after the death of the Duchess of Alba. La Maja Desnuda was cause for a new indictment before the court of the Inquisition, which had no consequences thanks to the offices of Fernando VII, during his first, brief reign in 1808. Sugiere una traducción mejor Gracias por proponer una traducción al Traductor de Google. Sugiere una traducción mejor: In the early years of the 1780s. Goya was already consecrated as one of the most important painters of Spain. The good economic situation allowed him to move to a larger house at No. 1 Dodsworth Street. In 1786, along with his brother Ramon Bayeu, was appointed court painter at a salary of 15,000 reales. The relationship with the crown intensified after the death of Charles III, in December 1788, and the ascent of King Carlos IV. The new king had commissioned several portraits of himself and Queen. The monarchs were very satisfied with the work, and on April 25 Goya was appointed painter. In 1790, the artist maintained a hierarchical conflict with the authorities of the Royal Tapestry Factory, when he refused to make cartoons, and traveled to Valencia and Zaragoza. We know that in this year suffered a serious illness, and his son Francisco Javier Pedro was infected with smallpox. The following year he returned to Madrid, settling their differences with the Royal Tapestry Factory. Without permission in real, in October 1792 he traveled to Andalusia. In December he contracted a serious illness that put him in Seville on the verge of death. Then traveled to Cadiz. Thanks to his brother Francisco Bayeu obtained the necessary permission to spend two months in Andalusia in order to regain health. Improved, but the illness left him deaf for the rest of his life. At that time could not be identified evil. Subsequently, some researchers have speculated that it could have been syphilis, but now it is believed he suffered lead poisoning, poisoning caused by lead salts of the paintings. In July he was back in Madrid. In October 1795 he succeeded the late Francis Bayeu as director of painting at the Academy of San Fernando. That same year he met the Duke of Alba. When Cayetana de Alba widowed, retired to Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz). Goya, who was in love with the Duchess, visited in 1796. The following year, Goya, who remained in Andalusia, resigned for health reasons from his post at the Academy of San Fernando, which, however, named him honorary director. Deafness intensified and enriched the artists inner life, unleashing their imagination to limits that researchers have distinguished as the stage of quot;Goya visionary. quot; He decided to broaden whim and invention with a series of 80 etchings called Los Caprichos. The publication of the engravings, in 1799, prompted a complaint against the artist in the court of the Inquisition. In October of that year he was appointed first court painter, with an annual remuneration of 50,000 reals. Goya was a long period, until 1808 (the year he painted The Family of Charles IV), without receiving orders from the palace. Some researchers believe the artist was voluntarily pulled back and stopped going to court because of his liberal ideas. However, it maintained contacts with Godoy, the powerful king´s favorite and lover of Queen Maria Luisa, who made several portraits. In between 1798 and 1803 are the Naked Maja and Clothed Maja, works around which there are two theories were performed to Godoy (portraying the mistress of the minister, Pepita Tudo), or he bought them after the death of the Duchess of Alba. La Maja Desnuda was cause for a new indictment before the court of the Inquisition, which had no consequences thanks to the offices of Fernando VII, during his first, brief reign in 1808.

Pepita Tudó

In 1805 he married Javier Goya's son. At the wedding, he meets a girl of 17 years, Leocadia Zorilla, a relative of the bride.

The period between 1808 and 1814 is dominated by turbulent events in the history of Spain. In 1808, under the pretext of applying to Portugal to help the Spanish cause in the war of the oranges, "the French armies invade Spain. From the riot of Aranjuez, Charles IV was forced to abdicate in favor of his son Ferdinand VII, whom Napoleon replaced by his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the throne of Spain. Godoy must leave office after being arrested. After the uprising, on May 2 will start at the "War of Independence", which lead to the proclamation of the Constitution of Cadiz in 1812 and the removal of Joseph Bonaparte in 1813, and after this the return of the dethroned king Ferdinand VII.

The outbreak of war in May 1808 represents a serious internal conflict for the painter and his liberal ideology him about the Francophiles and Joseph I (who swore allegiance), whereas patriotism draws him to those who are fighting French. This internal debate is reflected in his painting, which is sadder, darker, as shown in the series of etchings The Disasters of War. Following the conflict painted his famous pictures of the Two and Three, May 1808.

On June 20, 1812 Bayeu Josefa died. A year earlier, both had made a will in favor of his only living child. Inventory of assets was that the couple enjoyed an excellent financial position.

Shortly after the artist hired as housekeeper Leocadia Zorilla de Weiss, the woman he had met at the wedding of his son, whose husband (Isidore Weiss, a businessman of German origin) had left and sued for "bad behavior" and adultery. There is strong evidence that Leocadia became Goya's lover and that of those relationships was born in 1814, the future painter Rosario Weiss.

Leocadia Zorrilla de weiss

 

When Ferdinand VII regained the throne in 1814, Goya continued as a painter. However, it again received new orders from the sovereign.

In 1819 he bought the so-called Quinta del Sordo, on the banks of the Manzanares River. He was 63 years, Leocadia, 31. Their marriage is troubled, disputes are common and Goya also not in good health. Between 1819 and 1820 is in danger of dying from a disease from which he saved the care of Dr. Arrieta. Between 1820 and 1821 oil painting on the wall of black paint. Contrary to popular belief, the name of the property is not due to the deafness of the painter, but that of the previous owner.

Quinta del sordo, Goya´s houseGoya´s house in Madrid

 

 

In 1823, with the restoration of Fernnado VII, the civil and religious authorities began to persecute the liberals. To avoid confiscation of his property put the Quinta del Sordo on behalf of his grandson Mariano, taking refuge with his friend the canon Duaso liberal.

In May 1824, the painter embarks quietly preparing for exile. Asked the king permission to travel to Plombieres, in France, to "take the waters" with which to combat their ailments. However, he settled in Bordeaux, along with Leocadia, their daughter, Rosario, and a woman's previous child named William.

Rosario, Goya´s daughter

 

He made a brief trip to Paris (about 3 months) and in 1826 returned for a brief period of time to Madrid to see his son Javier and manage their retirement seeking the permanent removal from office of painter to the king, the sovereign granted with an annual pension of 50,000 reals. On this occasion, the old painter sits for official portraits which makes Portaña Vicente Lopez, his successor in office who has just left.

Goya painted by Vicente López

On April 1, 1828 from Bordeaux writes a letter to his son in which he says in bed for a small ailment. The next day is immobilized by paralysis and death surprised the morning between 15 and April 16, 1828 at the age of 82.

He was buried next to his in-law Martin Miguel Goicoechea.

It appears that in 1880 the Spanish consul started the paperwork to transfer the remains of the painter to Spain.

The political and cultural problems of the time created a surreal atmosphere with respect to the remains of the painter. In consul Pereyra in 1888 gets the permission to open the vault. Within the two boxes are unmarked, the latest entry is presupposed that Goya was the last to die. The body was missing the skull and soon spread the rumor that had been stolen.

It was decided to repatriate the two bodies to make sure that Goya's remains back to Spain.

In 1899 he reached an agreement: they decide to put the remains of two dead in the same coffin inside but separated into two separate boxes.

After a while retraining the remains are interred in the mausoleum of the Church of San Isidro.

Goya´s tomb

But where is the skull of Goya?

The history of Goya's head today remains a mystery.

One story tells us that Goya had consented to the doctor Lafarque for dead once cut his head for analysis. At that time, were popular phrenological studies, seeking to relate the observation of the brain with the genius and madness. Therefore, according to this hypothesis, Goya would have been buried without his head from the beginning.

Gruga painter's wife, disciple of Goya at the time, says that Goya was buried "whole" wrapped in a blanket and a silk hat. Inside the box were found the remains of a hat ...

There is also a grandson of Dionisio Fierros that his grandfather had kept a skull in his study and could have been that of Goya. Fierros's widow corroborated. Unfortunately, one of the sons of the painter, a medical student, took her to Salamanca to practice and blew apart in one experiment.

Goya´s head?

Others try to find a romantic response, according to which the painter could ask their executors, who upon his death he severed the head of the body to be buried in Madrid with a foot of the Duchess of Alba, the great love of his life. In 1945, he did an autopsy on the remains of the Duchess to determine who died of tuberculosis and certified that he lacked one of his feet.

So, after various wanderings and legends, since 1919 his remains rest beside those of Goicoechea in the Church of the hermitage of San Antonio de la Florida, under the formidable frescoes he painted himself.

Francisco de Goya y Lucientes
España

Francisco de Goya y Lucientes

More information about Goya: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya